Emergency contraceptive. Types of emergency contraception

Modern girls are significantly different from the generation of our mothers and grandmothers, when the family was put in first place, and the young beauty was supposed to marry no later than 20-21 years. Today, the young ladies have become very emancipated and strive, first of all, to make a career, get their own housing, a car, but family planning and pregnancy have pushed into the background.

Democracy, understood at an early age as “permissiveness”, lead to the fact that young girls want to try too much, forgetting about the rules of precaution. It turns out such a chain: freedom in self -expression, moral preferences, career, early sexual relations, unwanted pregnancy.

Unwanted pregnancy and emergency contraception methods that allow you to avoid this condition is a very urgent problem today not only among married women, but also among early growing up adolescents.

The reasons can be different: an unstable financial situation in the family, large families, for young girls - study, unwillingness to marry, etc. There are cases that other contraceptive funds used were accepted incorrectly, inaccessible at the right time or simply did not work, the male condom broke out, sexual intercourse was interrupted, etc.

When there are no arguments for the dispute and the decision should be made quickly, emergency contraception comes to the rescue.

Let us consider in more detail the methods of such contraception, all their advantages and disadvantages.

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Emergency contraception methods: that you do not know, but you are shy to ask

Emergency contraception: what is it

Emergency contraception has such a name, because it is used after unprotected sexual intercourse and an urgent solution is required to avoid unwanted pregnancy. The period of taking such drugs can reach 5-6 weeks after sexual intercourse, however, to achieve a 100%result, a recommended time for taking tablets is a maximum of 72 hours later.

It should be noted that the tablets of emergency contraception do not provoke abortion, these are contraceptives that prevent the onset of pregnancy, as they are accepted before ovulation in women.

In other words, such drugs contain a certain level of hormones or other biological components that prevent the creation of favorable conditions that have fallen into the uterus for fertilization of the egg.

The formation of the embryo in the female body is carried out in 6 days, so all drugs taken before this moment are not abortive, since the onset of pregnancy has not yet occurred - the connected spermatozoa and the egg were still attached to the walls of the uterus in the form of an embryo.

The advantage of emergency contraceptive drugs their widespread prevalence and the possibility of acquiring without a doctor's prescription.

It is important to remember that emergency contraceptives prevent an undesirable pregnancy, but do not protect from various sexual infections, therefore, if you are not sure of your sexual partner, you must be examined by a venerer and gynecologist.

All drugs of emergency contraception can be classified into hormonal and non -hormonal. Folk methods are also distinguished, the effectiveness of which can fluctuate in the gaps around 20-30%. But we will talk about them later.

How to find out that an emergency contraceptive has affected

The principle of action of emergency hormonal contraception is built according to the following scheme: after taking a large amount of hormones in the female body, a peculiar hormonal failure occurs, the stop of ovulation and the next day begins menstruation, in which they have not beenhed with blood to attach to the walls of the uterus fertilized by the experts (or not fertilized) eggs. If menstruation has not begun, you should urgently contact a gynecologist, it is possible that this drug has not worked on you.

It should be noted that the effectiveness of any hormonal drug directly depends on the terms of adoption. For a maximum of 3 days, it is necessary to take the first tablet. It is best if this is done immediately after intercourse or during the day - thus, the probability of an undesirable pregnancy is reduced by 99%. The urgent nature of such a tool is explained by the biological causes and characteristics of the reproductive function of the female body.

The adoption of such drugs may be accompanied side effects: dizziness, diarrhea, vomiting, antispasmodic pains in the lower abdomen, fever.

If you were torn after 1 hour after the adoption of the contraceptive, the procedure should be repeated and accepted by another tablet. All side effects take place the next day when taking the drug stops.

How to find out that an emergency contraceptive did not work

Evaluate inefficiency of emergency contraceptive drugs It is possible on the following signs:

lack of menstruation within 3 days after taking the drug;
the appearance of smearing blood discharge instead of full -fledged abundant menstruation;
the presence of primary signs of pregnancy: an increase in the size of the chest and swelling of the nipples, the appearance of drowsiness, a decrease in vital activity, etc.

How often can you use emergency protection products

Hormonal drugs of emergency protection against pregnancy are called emergency, which often they cannot be used. They are a poor replacement of ordinary contraceptives that the gynecologist selects depending on the individual characteristics of your body.

Conventional safety agents reach from 90% and higher in terms of security from possible pregnancy.

Such funds must be taken daily and their principle is built on the accumulative effect of hormones in the woman’s body, and not a sharp throw, so such drugs are soft for health and, in some cases, in addition to blocking the reproduction function in the woman’s body, help to improve the condition of the hair, skin, nails, and T.D.

As already mentioned, the emergency of funds to avoid pregnancy is fraught with a change in the menstrual cycle, a hormonal failure and can cause the impossibility of conception 1-2 months after taking the drug until its residues are removed naturally.

The maximum allowable norm for taking such a drug is up to 4 tablets for the menstrual cycle.

To whom are the means of extreme contraception contraindicated

Emergency contraceptives contain a high level of hormones, therefore, due to frequent use, repeated side effects can cause. It should also be remembered that there are risk groups to which such drugs are contraindicated:

first of all, women with impaired liver functions caused by jaundice, hepatitis, cirrhosis;
girls whose pregnancy has already arrived. In this case, there will be a threat of proper development of the fetus, but in no way termination of pregnancy;
girls whose taking this drug previously caused heavy side effects;
enophanted girls.

Emergency contraceptive: hormonal drugs

There are two types of hormonal emergency drugs: taking oral contraceptives (Yuzpe method) and progestin protective equipment.

The Yuzpe method was called the name of the Canadian scientist who proposed the adoption of combined oral contraceptives 50 years ago.

The effectiveness of this method of emergency contraception was tested and proved: within 3 days after unprotected intercourse, a woman should accept 4 contraceptives of one of the proposed drugs (Marvelon, Femoden, Rigevidon, Regulon, Non-Verlon, Bisekurin,), and after 12 Complete the acceptance of other 4 pills (Mercilon, Logest).

The level of protection against unwanted pregnancy with the correct use of tablets is 80-87%. However, as a result of this method, nausea, vomiting, stomach disorder, dizziness may be observed. If vomiting occurred 1 hour after taking the drugs - tablets need to be drunk again.

In no case is it recommended to take drugs if the pregnancy has already occurred.

The second method of emergency protection against unwanted pregnancy is taking progestin drugs. Hormonal progestin means include contraceptives containing Levonorgestrel (LRT). The most popular from this group of drugs are:

Postinor ("postinor") It is considered the best emergency contraception, contains an increased level of hormone LRT. It should be noted that such popularity of the drug is unfounded, since the increased concentration of hormones harms the reproductive system of a woman, especially the ovaries. The frequent use of postinor can cause polycystic ovary, clogging of the fallopian tubes, etc. More suitable for women over 18 years old.
Escapel ("Escapelle") It can be taken within 4 days after unprotected intercourse if the sperm has entered the uterus. In this case, not 2 tablets are drunk (as in postinore), but only 1. The drug is combined and contains 50% of the hormone LRT and 50% of myffiperon. Due to the sparing composition, it has a milder effect on the hormonal background of the woman and is recommended for taking even adolescents. The reliability of the drug, according to intention, is 98.9% - in terms of indicators the highest among hormonal agents.

In addition to the most common drugs described above, you can also take Exuluton, Ovret, and Microme.

Emergency contraceptive: non -hormonal drugs

The entire group of non -hormonal remedies of emergency protection against pregnancy contains Mieodrapon (MPT).

The most popular means with MPT are:

Ginewarston, wife -They do not contain a high concentration of anti-progestron that harm the ovaries. But this does not affect the level of efficiency. According to the instructions, reliability is higher than 90% of the protection against unwanted pregnancy. The drug is widely available in pharmacies, is released without a prescription. However, before the reception, it is better to consult your personal gynecologist. The disadvantage of the drug is only a fairly high price.
Danazole.The dosage is determined according to body weight and other indicators, which are given in detail in the instructions. It is usually recommended to take 450 mg every 12 hours. No more than 3 times a day.

The effectiveness of the drug is checked by the beginning of menstruation the day after taking the drug, with which ovulation is interrupted and the fertilized egg that has not been attached to the uterine mucosa is removed.

If menstruation did not start 6-7 days after taking the drug, it is recommended to consult a gynecologist-most likely, the drug did not suit you and turned out to be ineffective. Most often, such cases happen if women have severe infectious diseases (tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc.) or liver problems.

Emergency contraceptive: intrauterine spiral

Emergency non-hormonal contraception can also be attributed to the installation of a spiral, which is effective 3-4 days after unprotected sexual intercourse.

The intrauterine spiral covered with copper is perceived as an alien body, so it causes uterine irritation and its reduction. As a result of this mode of operation, pregnancy does not occur, since in a state of constant contractions, a fertilized egg cannot attach to the mucous membrane for the development of the embryo.

A gynecologist with a preliminary examination should install a spiral. In no case, it is not recommended to introduce this protection tool in the presence of sexually transmitted diseases. Damage to the upper tissues with the introduction of a spiral can contribute to the rapid infection of organs.

It should be noted that this type of contraception is not suitable for every woman. If the spiral has not taken root, it is most often expressed by an unpleasant odor, white cottage cheese discharge from the genitals.

As contraindications, it can be noted that the spiral is installed for a certain period, if during the time it is not changed, it can grow and can be removed only surgically under general anesthesia. It is better not to bring to such a state, so as not to harm the female organs and avoid infertility in the future.

Most often, this method of emergency contraception is used by giving birth to women and nursing mothers.

Douching as a means of emergency contraception after intercourse

One of the known folk methods of emergency protection against unwanted pregnancy is douching. However, this method of emergency contraception is effective immediately after intercourse.

Douching is a rinse of the vagina with acidic solutions or decoctions of herbs from spermatozoa that were there after sexual intercourse.

Recipe 1. In 700 ml of water temperature water, add 1 lemon juice and 3 drops of iodine. Douching is carried out with a special sprint of 250 or 450 ml.
Recipe 2. 2 tbsp. l. Apple cider vinegar is diluted in 1 liter of boiled warm water.
Recipe 3. 3 drops of manganese dilute in 0.5 liters of water at room temperature.
Recipe 4. 2 tsp. chamomile and 1 tsp. Sage pour 1 liter of boiling water. Insist 1 hour. Then strain the decoction.

Douching must be carried out immediately after sexual intercourse. You need to wash carefully so that the vagina becomes clean. Spermatozoa die in an acidic environment, so almost all douching recipes are associated with low -and -scrotal solutions.

Among folk methods, the introduction of a piece of laundry, lemon, ascorbic acid is also known in the vagina.

As the studies show, the egg is fertilized very quickly, so with douching you can not guess in time and be late. Which, in turn, will not protect you from unwanted pregnancy. Douching manipulations provoke a violation of the vaginal microflora and can cause vaginal dysbiosis.

All folk methods have absolutely no methodological basis, rather, it is similar to traditions transmitted from generation to generation, which no one used, but everyone talks about them. So, for example, in Kievan Rus it was believed that in order to prevent an unwanted pregnancy, you should do douching by the urine of a man, and in ancient Greece - the urine of the crocodile.

The absurdity of these methods once again proves that if you want 100%protection from random pregnancy, you need to use verified tools tested and recommended by doctors.

Be vigilant and attentive to your health!

Emergency contraceptive