Causes and symptoms of neuropathy. Types of neuropathy. Methods of treating garple in adults and children

Neuropathy is the term that is heard from many people, but few understand the meaning of this word. Neuropathy refers to the ailments of the human nervous system and has an incredibly wide range of definitions. A huge number of types of neuropathy, symptoms, treatment methods can be explained by the fact that this disease can affect absolutely any group of nerve endings. In this article we will try to understand all the intricacies of the diagnosis of the diagnosis, the definition of symptoms, we learn about the basic methods of treatment and methods of prevention.

Neuropathy. Definition and Interesting Facts

Neuropathy is a disease of the human nervous system, which lies in the defeat of the nerves. Consider the most common features of this ailment:

• neuropathy is a disease that may affect the various number of nerve fibers. If only one nerve is affected, then it is mononeuropathy. If several nerves are hit at the same time, it is a polyneuropathy;
• neuropathy is a disease that may have inheritance. It happens in 2-5% of cases;
• it has been scientifically proven that the lack of vitamins of the group B is accompanied by almost all types of neuropathies. Especially affects the lack of vitamin B12;
• after successfully passed treatment from neuropathy, the disease can happen. Recurrence every 10th person is subjected;
• incredible contribution to the development of methods of treatment of neuropathy made Chinese medicine. According to one of its theory, various diseases of the nervous system of a non-inflammatory nature arise against the background of reduced immunity. Chinese healers include neuropathy to the Diseases of the "Wind" discharge. Such diseases occur under the influence of air to the human body, on its condition;
• in the treatment of neuropathy of different types showed good effectiveness of such a method as acupuncture. This method is widely used by Chinese healers. They find special points on the human body and affect them with needles;
• neuropathy in Chinese traditional medicine is very often treated with massage sessions. In the West, this method was also borrowed. An experienced massage therapist during a session can accurately determine which muscles are clamped. Massage acts not only as an alternative method of treating neuropathies, but also as a means of their diagnosis;
• folk Medicine proposes to treat neuropathy with hirudotherapy. This method also takes its origin from Chinese medicine. The leech bites have a relaxing effect on the human body, improve blood circulation, enrich the blood enzymes, contribute to the outflow of lymphs, have an immunostimulating effect on the human body.

Symptoms of various types of neurops

Neuropathy can have a variety of symptoms depending on which nerve is amazed. Also, the character of symptoms depends on which part of the nerve fibers is amazed. The following types of fibers may be affected:

• motor fibers. In violation of the data of these fibers, a person can observe muscular activity, weakness in muscles, partial muscle atrophy, paresis, paralysis. When the work disorder of this type of nerve fibers are talking about motor neuropathy;
• sensory fibers. With damage to nerve fibers of this type, sensitivity changes are observed. A person can feel cold in certain parts of the body or heat. With damage to sensory nerve fibers, they talk about sensory neuropathy;
• vegetative fibers. As a result of the lesion of vegetative fibers, there are changes in the work of the external secretion glands. With the defeat of the vegetative nerve fibers they talk about the vegetative neuropathy.

It often happens that such that the work of several types of nerve fibers is disturbed at the same time. For example, sensory motor neuropathy.

Symptoms of face neuropathy

On the face there is a huge number of nerve fibers. In addition, the neuropathy of the facial nerve can be at suddenly started tingling around the ear, near the temple, near the mouth. You can also sense the numbness of a particular part of the face, feel pain. The following characteristic symptoms of the neuropathy of the facial nerve are:

• asymmetric person. If nerve fibers are affected on the one hand, characteristic asymmetry appears. If the fibers are amazed from two sides of the face, then asymmetry can not be noticed. A person with such a type of neuropathy can not move eyebrows, the corner of his mouth is always slightly slightly down, the nasolabious fold is relaxed, a person can not frown the forehead, completely close the eye. Such people suffer from a permanent tearing from the eye on the affected side of the face, dry dryness and constant discomfort. Such asymmetry of the face also causes difficulties in making food;
• disturbance. If the facial nerve was amazed in the temple area, it is likely that a person will feel changes to his hearing. Changes may be so strong, which can cause deafness;
• changing taste sensations or their complete disappearance. If, as a result of the neuropathy, secretory and taste fibers were affected, then a person can stop feeling the taste of food. The disappearance of taste sensations is observed not on the entire surface of the language, but only on its front. The back of the language "is controlled" by the language inheritant nerve.

Symptoms of the neuropathy of a trigeminal nerve

To suspect the neuropathy of a trigeminal nerve can be in the following symptoms, whose character depends on the place of nerve damage:

• changes in the sensitivity of the skin of the face. Depending on which part of the trigeminal nerve was amazed, you can detect changes in the sensitivity of some areas on the face. As a rule, patients feel tingling, "goosebumps", numbness on centuries, near the mouth, under the chin, near the nose, etc.;
• violation of chewing muscles. This symptom can manifest themselves to the jaw dragging on the one hand, if the nerve was amazed on the one hand, and the full depth of the lower jaw, if the nerve was amazed on both sides;
• facial pain. Acute and sweeping pain near the temple, near the eye, in the jaw area can be so intense that a person simply freezes at that moment. In some cases, the patient may have even pain shock.

Symptoms of the neuropathy of the elbow nerve

The neuropathy of the elbow nerve is very quickly diagnosed on the following characteristic symptoms:

• change of sensitivity in the maizility;
• changing the sensitivity in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nameless finger;
• violation of the bending function of the brush;
• the emergence of contractures of fingers;
• atrophy of the muscles of the forearm.

The neuropathy of the elbow nerve usually begins not with acute pain, but from the emergence of numbness and feelings of "running goosebumps." Characteristic pain in the hand is gradually joined, which makes hold a hand in semi-bent condition. Then there is a weakness in hand, a person becomes difficult to even raise a cup, there may be an emergence of persistent contractures.

Causes of neuropathy

All the reasons for the appearance of neuropathies of different species can be divided into 2 large groups:

• the internal causes of the appearance of neuropathies. For internal reasons, various conditions can be attributed to the organism. Among them are the most frequent sugar diabetes, the pathology of the endocrine system, rheumatoid arthritis, scarm sclerosis, the disease of the autoimine system, sclerodermia and other ailments;
• the external causes of the appearance of neuropathies. The most frequent external reasons include abuse of alcoholic beverages, injury, the effects of toxic substances on the human body.

A separate group is the hereditary factor in the transfer of neuropathy. This is, though quite a rare phenomenon, but it takes place.

Neuropathy. Types

Depending on which nerves were amazed, what part of them are amazed, the following types of neuropathies are distinguished:

• depending on the type of affected nerves, peripheral neuropathy is distinguished (the nerves of the upper or lower extremities), cranial neuropathy (are affected by the brain-brain-brain nerves), autonomous neuropathy (the work of some organs or systems of organs due to the damage to nerve fibers), focal neuropathy ( Local groups of nerves are affected);
• depending on the number of affected nerves, focal neuropathy is isolated (the work of a certain nerve), diffuse neuropathy, is disturbed (the work of all types of nerve fibers in a particular part of the body is disturbed).

Consider in more detail the features of the following types of neuropathies:

• neuropathy facial nerve. This type of neuropathy may arise due to an edema, any infection or injury. This ailment is manifested by a paralysis of one half of the person or the whole person. Also, facial neuropathy can be complicated after otitis, inflammatory process in the parole, inflammatory process in brain shells. Distinguished by idiopathic neuropathy (the most frequent type of face neuropathy, arising after transferred by ARVI, long stay in the cold), infectious neuropathy (type of face neuropathy caused by herpes virus), from neuropathy (type of facial neuropathy, arising as a complication after ear disease), traumatic neuropathy ;

• neuropathy of radiation nerve. This type of neuropathy arises due to the compression of the radial nerve or the injury of the upper limb. Despite the fact that this ailment brings many inconveniences in everyday life, it is easily treated with conservative methods. Patients with ray nerve neuropathy can feel the loss of hand sensitivity, violation of the functions of bending and extension of the hand, turning the palm. Often, this occurs after the injection neuritis, after squeezing the hand crutch, after a long and monotonous work of his hands;

• extremity neuropathy. In various diseases of the endocrine system, the presence of vertebral hernia, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and after serious toxicity after a number of other factors may arise limb neuropathy. The illness can affect both upper limbs and lower. But the lower limbs are affected slightly more often, since they account for the bulk power load;
• neuropathy of a minor nerve. This type of neuropathy in late appeal to the doctor can contribute to the deformation of the leg. Girls from 10 to 19 years old are most often exposed to the disease, people who have undergone a knee surgery or injury. Patients cannot walk on the heels and possess a "cock walking". With careful diagnosis, the tibial neuropathy can be detected;
• neuropathy of the middle nerve. The middle nerve passes along the inner surface of the hand, ranging from the shoulder and ending with the palm. The disease may occur after hand injury. Patients cannot squeeze her hand in the fist, to fully bend and blends fingers, hand, feel numbness of limbs, muscle weakness;

• compression neuropathy. This type of neuropathy means that the violation of the nerve work is caused by their compression. This may occur in anatomically narrow parts of the body, after alcohol intoxication, after sleep in an uncomfortable posture, after a long load on a certain part of the body. Treatment of such a type of neuropathy is based on the use of nonsteroidal drugs, which reduce pain and remove inflammation;
• ischemic neuropathy. This type of neuropathy is associated with a violation of blood supply to the eye. People who suffer from low arterial pressure, atherosclerosis, diabetes, blood diseases are most often exposed. Also, people who have suffered an operation to remove the lens or were under general anesthesia;
• sedal neuropathy. Sedal Nerve is the longest nerve that takes his origin in the waist department and passes through the whole leg. This subsection in the absence of treatment has very serious complications. A person can become a disabled person, trophic ulcers may appear on the heels. Sedal neuropathy can be a consequence of such cunning diseases as AIDS, diabetes, oncology. Also, this nerve can be damaged unsuccessful injection;

• neuropathy of the femoral nerve. The main symptom of this type of neuropathy is the involuntary leg prevention when trying to get up. A person feels the weakness of the legs. Pretty often, the femoral neuropathy may occur against the background of diabetes, after transferring the operation on the knee joint, the operation to remove veins;
• tunnel neuropathy. Due to the compression of peripheral nerves in anatomically narrow sections, tunnel neuropathy may occur. The disease is accompanied by acute pain in the affected area, which can be attained, become pale or ethnic. This type of neuropathy is often hereditary;
• diabetic neuropathy. Sugar diabetes is a formidable disease that is often accompanied by neuropathy. It can be peripheral, autonomous or proximal. Diabetic neuropathy is characterized by the damage to small blood vessels. Nervous fibers are not much obtained from the nutrients because of this, they receive little oxygen. Patients may suffer both simply change in sensitivity in limbs and rather sharp and strong pain;
• axon neuropathy. This disease is characterized by the defeat of not only the outer shell of the nerve, but also the entire axon. Patients may feel numbness, tingling, may occur temporary paralysis of the muscles. Motor activity loss proceeds with sensitivity;
• post-traumatic neuropathy. The success of the treatment of post-traumatic neuropathy depends on how quickly the person appealed to help. Treatment must be started on time to prevent the launch of irreversible nerve changes;
• demyelinizing neuropathy. If this type of neuropathy is not diagnosed on time, it will turn into axonal neuropathy. Patients suffer from increased weakness, loss of some reflexes, muscle atrophy. Such neuropathy may be a consequence of intoxicating arsenic, mercury, drugs;
• interrochemical neuropathy. This type of neuropathy refers to tunnel neuropathy. The beginning of the disease is usually sharp. A person feels intensive pain between the Ribs, which is enhanced with inclons, turns, sneezing, cough, conversation. The disease often overtakes people over 50 years old, as well as people who have suffered injuries, operation;
• alcohol neuropathy. The harmful effects of alcohol on the human body does not pass without a trace and for nerve fibers. This type of neuropathy most often suffer from men who have been used by alcoholic beverages for a long time. Exacerbates the course of the disease even more and inferior food. Treatment should be complex, accompanied by a complete abandonment of alcohol;
• polish neuropathy. The main symptoms of sex neuropathy are pain in the perineum, in the rectum area, the loss of sexual function, impaired urination and defecation, loss of sensitivity. There is such a type of neuropathy due to inflammatory diseases of the small pelvis, after delivery, after surgical manipulations;
• children's neuropathy. Neuropathy in children can manifest themselves with the following symptoms: an increased level of excitability, the appearance of teaks, disruption of appetite, sleep disruption, too fast fatigue. Very often, neuropathy in children is combined with a delay of mental development, but it is not worth confused by these two diagnoses.

Diagnosis of neuropathy

Inspection for the diagnosis of neuropathy

Neurological inspection is a mandatory and primary method for diagnosing any kind of neuropathy. An experienced doctor will easily determine how a person suffers from the neuropathy. During the conversation and inspection, the doctor may ask you:

• try frowning forehead;
• tightly clog eyes;
• smile together;
• inflate cheeks;
• pull the lips into a shoe;
• raise eyebrows;
• ask a question about whether there are problems with chewing food;
• ask whether your taste has changed;
• ask if you did not hurt any disease on the eve;
• ask if you feel pain, numbness, tingling or weakness;
• ask to bend or break your leg, turn your palm.

The data after such a detailed view allow the doctor to put the correct diagnosis. If additional information is needed to clarify the diagnosis, other diagnostic methods are used.

Laboratory studies for neuropathy diagnostics

Laboratory diagnostics methods are not too popular in the diagnosis of neuropathy. Doctors can resort to blood research in the case when they want to find out the cause of the disease. For appointment of correct treatment, the following results of laboratory blood test may be useful:

• glucose level;
• the presence of specific antibodies and markers in the blood;
• concentration of vitamins.

Instrumental studies of neuropathy

Among the most common instrumental methods for diagnosing neuropathy can be listed:

• measurement of the speed of the pulse;
• electromyography (allows you to estimate the degree of activity of muscle fibers);
• cT scan;
• nuclear magnetic resonance.

Treatment of neuropathy

After the doctor gives a diagnosis, he will appoint you a treatment plan. Medical facilities are very often used:

• anesthetic drugs;
• hormonal corticosteroids;
• antiviral medicines;
• vitamins;
• sedative medicines;
• preparations aimed at improving the passability of nerve fibers;
• preparations for reducing blood sugar levels (with diabetic neuropathy).

Of course, in addition to drug treatment, the doctor will appoint a whole complex of physiotherapy procedures, without which neuropathy treatment is hard to imagine. The following types of procedures are popular with popularity:

• massage;
• electrophoresis;
• LFK;
• warming;
• acupuncture;
• mud;
• hydrotherapy;
• impact magnetic current.

Prevention of neuropathy

After reading the article, a legitarious question may arise about how to protect yourself from neuropathy, there are ways to prevent. Supported methods for the prevention of neuropathies of various types is not possible. Only the most general advice can be given:

• do not neglect regular medical examinations, watch your health and give the value to any changes in your own well-being. As you already know, some types of neuropathies have low-rise symptoms, which is very dangerous;
• pay attention to the quality of your nutrition, eat as much fresh vegetables as possible, fruits;
• do not limit yourself in motion. Try to make daily hiking, sign up for fitness, classes in the gym. Refuse to use the elevator and ride daily on the steps;
• hard your body and any ways to support immunity. It is very useful to walk barefoot, making wipes with cool water, pouring, receiving air and sunbathing;
• very useful periodically passing courses of massage;
• be sure to bring to the end of the treatment of any of your diseases, comply with the recommendations of the doctor. If diseases are not treated, they can move into chronic forms and cause many complications;
• try to avoid stressful situations and learn how to behave in them. Collect the methods of relaxation and ways to save your own calm.

Neuropathy of various origins are currently quite often found. People often do not attach the meanings of "insignificant" changes in their body, allowing the disease to progress. If we talk about the most common types of neuropathy, then the first place can be given to diabetic neuropathy, the second - alcohol neuropathy. Be careful to your health and adhere to a healthy lifestyle. Do not be ill!