What to do with sunburn. First aid for sunburn. Sun burns, how to treat sunburn at home

Each days for each are associated with the sea beach, a trip to the mountains or agriculture in the country. This list can be continued for a long time, but these events will be enough to spoil your rest a little, having received a sunburn. This phenomenon is very common, because many of us do not visit the solariums in winter and do not go to rest in warm countries. On the contrary, we work all day in the office, at the factory or engage in the house. As a result, our skin becomes sensitive to UV rays, and at the first “meeting” with the hot sun, it burns. We will talk about how to prevent a sunburn and what to do if it happened, we will talk in this article.

Types and degree of sunburn

Sun burn - damage to the skin as a result of the excessive effect of ultraviolet radiation with the subsequent inflammatory factor. Such a reaction of the body is caused by the short-wave rays of UV-V, capable of affecting the surface balls of the epidermis.

But do not forget about the long-wave rays such as UV-A. Unlike UV-V, which are unable to penetrate deep into the dermis, long rays pass deep into the skin, affecting the inner layers of the connective tissues, causing various diseases.

There are two types of burns - a sunburn of the face (body) and sunburn of the eyes. We meet with burns of the body most often, especially in the holiday season. But your face burns can be obtained without even visiting the beach. Sometimes it’s enough to just take a walk under the scorching sun, because the face is not covered with clothing, and cosmetics do not always have the properties to withstand ultraviolet. This is the most dangerous type of burn, because a person who often burns is aged faster. This phenomenon even has a special name - photo starting.

The second type of burn is the phenomenon of the infrequent and sometimes they don’t even notice it, but this does not reduce its danger to health. You can burn the cornea of \u200b\u200bthe eye in the sun without glasses, and this can happen not only in the summer, but also in winter. You can suspect the sunburn of the eyes of their redness and a burning sensation. Such an injury can cause cataract or myopia in the future.

There are 4 degrees of burning, which depend on the condition in which the skin after a sunburn:

• 1 degree - probably familiar to everyone: the skin swells a little, “burns”, blushes, and soon begins to itch and peel off.
• 2 degree - many small blisters join the above signs, the temperature may increase slightly. In contact with charred skin, pain and discomfort are noted.
• 3 degree - a very strong burn, accompanied by necrosis of tissues, less often - the addition of a bacterial infection.
• 4 degree is a strong carbonization of the skin. It happens extremely rarely and only in people with 1 and 2 photos of the skin.

For clarity, you can evaluate the degree of sunburn by photo:

Sun burn and skin phototype: what is the relationship?

The skin in all its properties differs in different people and therefore perceives the sun's rays in different ways. Some can take a long time under the scorching sun and equally acquire a dark shade of the skin without redness and bubbles. Others - in half an hour can “burn” with all the ensuing consequences. Such an individual feature of the skin is determined by its phototype.

In nature, 6 main photos are distinguished, which have an individual susceptibility of ultraviolet rays and laser radiation.

• Type 1 (Fair "Celtic") - the most sensitive. It includes people with white skin and light or red hair. The skin can have a light blue or reddish tint, there are freckles, and eyebrows and eyelashes are always light. Even a few minutes in the sun without a protective cream provoke a strong sunburn. Their skin, as a rule, never acquires a dark-skinned shade and needs to use creams with a high SPF factor.
• Type 2 (Light "European") - also has a high susceptibility to ultraviolet, but with a reasonable and dosed stay in the sun, it is quite possible to sunbathe without burns. The type includes people with light or dark hair, and the skin of ivory. Getting a “chocolate” tan to the owners of this phototype will not work, but if you make efforts, the golden tide is quite possible.
• 3 type (Medium Light "Light Mixed") - European. Holders of this type have brown and light -colored hair, dark eyes, beige skin. Such skin lights up better compared to the first two types, it easily acquires a light brown tan, and if it burns out, only peeling and light redness appear. But ointment from sunburn can still be needed.
• 4 Type (Medium Dark "Dark Mixed") - is more resistant to ultraviolet, easily sunbathing. For him, a characteristic olive shade of the skin, without freckles, but often with white pigmentation (melanin deficiency). If the skin is burned, everything costs short -term redness.
• Type 5 (skindark "Brown") - burns in exceptional cases. These are people with a dark skin of a bronze shade, which, with a tan, acquires a dark chocolate shade.
• Type 6 (Dark "Black")-the most resistant to the effects of UV rays. These are people with black skin and dark eyes. They actively develop a huge amount of melanin, so they can stay all day under the scorching sun without fears. With such a phototype of the skin, a sunburn can not occur either in a child or an adult.

Solar burn - characteristic symptoms

After a long stay in the sun, it is not always immediately clear that you are burned. Sometimes the first symptoms can be observed after 30-40 minutes. But most often you understand that you got a burn, after a few hours, or even longer.

Sun burns are accompanied by vivid characteristic features by which you can understand that you have sunbathed for too long. The severity of symptoms depends on the degree of burned and sensitivity of your skin.

• With moderate burning, there will be a pronounced soreness of the damaged skin area, distinct hyperemia, itching, a sense of heat. When touched, the skin will be very hot. After 2-3 days, the skin takes on the former appearance with a slight shade of tan.
• After a more intense tanning, a sunburn and blisters will appear, and when pressed, serous departure will appear on them. They can be small with clear boundaries or merge into large shapeless blisters. Firm crusts may also appear under which the liquid accumulates. If they are damaged, deep layers of the epidermis resembling a fresh wound will be noticeable.
• If the process has acquired a severe degree of damage, headache, vomiting, a sharp rise in temperature, loss of consciousness may appear. The presence of such symptoms suggests that you have a sunburn and thermal blow. In such a situation, treatment with folk remedies or anti -burn creams is unacceptable and you need to immediately seek medical help.

If you are only a little burned and your skin just blushed and itil, you can do with folk remedies or creams from the first -aid kit. With heavier burns, it is better to contact a dermatologist, especially if the burn is accompanied by the appearance of bubbles with blood or there are too many of them.

First aid for heat and sunburn

Burns, regardless of their degree, need to be treated and treated. They can provoke skin scarring, infection, the development of pigmentation and keratosis. This is especially dangerous if there are skin diseases, for example, psoriasis or vitiligo. In addition, when the face is burned, deep wrinkles, scars may appear and vary the tone of the face.

First aid for sunburn should be in such events:

• If you are afraid that you are already burned, hide in the room as soon as possible. Even being in the shade of an umbrella or in the pavilion, you are still exposed to ultraviolet radiation. It is important that the room is cool. To do this, turn on the air conditioner or make a draft.
• Visually assess the degree of skin damage. If there is only redness and itching, you can resort to folk methods, and if bubbles immediately appear, you definitely need to go to a dermatologist. The degree of damage directly depends on how to treat a sunburn, so it is important to really assess your condition and the possibility of therapy in a home environment.
• As soon as you got home, take a cool shower. This will help reduce body temperature, calm the charred skin, relieve swelling, and anesthetize. If you have only one area of \u200b\u200bthe skin, for example, a hand or leg, hold it under a stream of cold water for 3-5 minutes. If it is a back or stomach, you can apply a cold compress. At this stage, it will be the best remedy for sunburn. It is forbidden to use ice for this.
• After a shower, get wet with a soft towel. Light a burn with cream or lotion (without alcohol!). Aloe juice, calendula ointment, chamomile decoction, a remedy with hyaluronic acid helps. Keep in mind that you can’t smear any vegetable oils - they slow down regeneration.
• Wrap the affected area with a gauze bandage, while not tightening it tightly.
• With severe pain, you can take anesthetic.

It is acceptable to treat a sunburn at home if it is 1 or 2 degree, while the well -being is satisfactory, there are no traces of infection of blisters (transparent fluid without pus), painful pain syndrome. If you have a 3 or 4 degree burn, you are sick, you lose consciousness and a strong heat has begun, it is important to immediately go to the hospital where you will be given first aid.

Treatment of sunburn at home

It is enough to lubricate a slight skin burn with any means after tanning or cream with a light texture, and then avoid staying in the sun for a couple of days. During this time, the skin will recover independently, redness and itching will leave. But if the skin has suffered a little stronger, you have to treat it.

• The most effective remedy for sunburn with panthenol (for example, panthenol spray, Bepanten ointment). This substance activates the natural regeneration of damaged epidermis cells. The tool is absolutely harmless, has no adverse reactions and contraindications, suitable for kids and pregnant women. Used for burns of low and moderate severity.
• If the burn is accompanied by a strong formation of blisters, weeping wounds or dry bleeding cracks, it is advisable to use Solcoseryl. This is a solution in ampoules, which quickly heals various kinds of tissue damage. For the same purposes, a methyluracial ointment with paraffin is suitable.
• A natural antioxidant - Tocopherol will help help the skin to help the skin. Buy a liquid solution of vitamin E in a pharmacy and lubricate damaged skin instead of a cream from sunburn.
• Often the burn is accompanied by pain and heat. To improve well -being, you can drink a tablet of aspirin, nurofen, diclofenac.
• With vast burning of the skin, an antihistamine is worth drinking. It will accelerate recovery, since a burn is a variety of an allergic reaction to ultraviolette. Suprastin, Luratidine will fit quite.
• If the skin in the place of burns is very dry and peeling, you need to treat it with a lotion with Aloe Vera or Kalamine. At the same time, follow a sufficient drink.

With serious skin injuries, antiseptic assistance in sunburn may be required. At home, you can use these drugs:

• Fastin ointment - perfectly heals both fresh and complicated burns. The composition contains antimicrobial substance Furatsilin, synthomycin antibiotic and anesthetic anesthesis.
• Miramistin or Chlorhexidine - Antiseptics of a wide spectrum of action. Tugs, coccal flora, viruses are instantly killed, while not irritating the burned skin.
• Agrosufan is a colloidal silver -based tool. It is used only for burns of 1-2 degrees.
• OFLOKain is an antiseptic with an analgesic effect. It disinfects the skin, eliminates pain, relieves swelling.
• Rescuer - balm with sea buckthorn oil. Suitable with minor burns, accompanied by dryness and cracks.

Solar burn - treatment with folk remedies

Light degree of sunburned are successfully treated in simple ways using improvised means. As a rule, these are products that can always be found in the refrigerator, regardless of the season. Knowing such simple ambulance techniques for a burn is very helpful, especially if there is no way to go to the pharmacy kiosk or call a doctor.

So, what to do with a sunburn, if there is no panthenol or cream at hand after a tan:

• Potatoes - first aid from a burn. Grate raw root crop on a fine grater, put the gruel on the burn, after 20 minutes, rinse with cold water. Redness, pain and heat are significantly weakened.
• Sour cream/kefir/cream - these dairy products with high fat content are perfectly helped with light burn. It is necessary to spread damaged skin, updating the ball every 2 hours.
• Aloe - universal goal on the windowsill. Rub a couple of leaves, rub them and mix them with milk. Apply a burn for a burn 3-4 times a day. In this case, a light tingling tingling on the skin may be felt.
• Yolk - it is boiled, then fried in a pan, and then applied to burned skin. This method is suitable for any type of burn, provided that the integrity of the skin.
• Cucumber juice is a moisturizing, anti -inflammatory and antiseptic. Tasted cucumber along with juice apply to the skin. It will jerk itching, cool and relieve soreness.
• Lavender oil - a compress with a pair of drops of oil will reduce and dry the blisters, tighten the wounds.

I would like to remind you that solar burn can be treated with folk remedies only with weak and moderate damage to the dermis. In other cases, medical care is always required.

What is forbidden to do with sunburn

1. It is strictly forbidden to apply any alcohol -containing drugs and cosmetics to a fresh burn.
2. It is not recommended to wash the burn with soap, shower gel and other body detergents.
3. You can not smear the skin with oily cream, butter, lotion. This will block the circulation of air, enhance the thermal effect, accelerate the propagation of microbes.
4. It is contraindicated to comb, tear, tear off blisters. This is fraught with the development of infection and scars in the future.

Sun burns are not only a painful, but also a dangerous skin condition. In advance, buy funds from tanning and normalize your stay in the sun, according to your skin phototype. This will protect you from serious consequences after the adoption of sunbathing.

Video "First aid for sunburn"