Pigmentation Causes and Treatment

The human skin is determined not only to what race or nationality it belongs. The formation of the skin shade depends on its features, or rather, the thickness of the layers; depth of circulating blood vessels; The number of pigment in the skin and the general condition of the body. The emergence of limited pigmentation in open areas of the body, especially on the face not only leads to psychological discomfort associated with the change in appearance, but may also cause serious diseases.

Pigmentation: Causes

The ratio of certain colors gives the skin one or another shade. The main colors are:

• red, which is formed by oxidized hemoglobin blood (oxygen carrier to tissues) in the smallest arterial blood vessels;
• blue color is represented by reduced hemoglobin (giving oxygen to the tissues) in the venous system of man;
• the yellow tint of the skin is attached to carotenoids that are present in the epidermis and corn layer of the skin;
• black and variations of brown defines melanin.

It was the pigment melanin that plays a dominant role in skin pigmentation. It is synthesized by special cells with melanocytes, which are located in deep layers of the skin. Its main function is the protection of genetic material in cell nuclei from the damaging effect of solar radiation. In addition to the operation of the ultraviolet on the production of melanin, the nervous and hormonal system of man also affects.

The main reasons for pygmentation disorders are as follows:

• ultraviolet radiation, both when exposed to sunlight and when visiting a solarium;
• shift in the hormonal system as a result of the use of drugs that change the work of endocrine organs during pregnancy or climacteric changes in the body;
• liver diseases - more often with damage to hepatitis viruses;
• injecting skin: at the place of damage (more often deep), it is possible to increase the concentration of the pigment, which will lead to skin darkening;
• violation of skin care rules: the use of low-quality cosmetics and improper aesthetic procedures can increase the skin sensitivity threshold to the effects of ultraviolet rays;
• natural skin aging: with age, a change in biochemical reactions occurs, as a result of which the concentration of pigments changes and pigmentation arises;
• genetic disorders: For example, when there is no melanin production, and skin cover, the irispose eye is defenseless before ultraviolet rays. Such people are called albino;
• consequence of transferred acne: local increased pigmentation may be formed on the skin after the transfer of acne and other skin diseases;
• reception of drugs: Some medicines have the ability to increase skin sensitivity to ultraviolet. This property is called photosensitization. This is necessarily indicated in the instructions for the use of medication.

Varieties of pigment spots

Dermatologists allocate many violations of the pigmentation of the skin, which differ in origin, the content of melanin, prevalence, the occurrence of the occurrence and depth of the rifle of the pigment. However, the most commonly encountered the following pigment stains.

1. Chloa. Yellowish brown stains of the wrong shape, but with clear outlines and various in size. Chloa is more likely to appear on the face, but sometimes it can be formed on the inner surface of the hips, the skin of the abdomen. Most often occurs in women when changing the hormonal background. It may be observed in girls during puberty, in pregnant women, with gynecological diseases and reception of oral contraceptives due to the suspended sensitivity of melanocytes to the female sex hormone estrogen. However, most often the starting point of the occurrence of chloasma is solar radiation. Usually disappears chloa after the first menstruation, childbirth, eliminate the causes of gynecological problems or stop receiving tableted forms of contraceptives. Separately, the hepatic chloazma, which occurs during chronic liver diseases, is located in the cheek and neck area.

2. Local pigmentation over the upper lip. This type of pigmentation may be observed both with a change in the hormonal background associated with pregnancy or climax, and for diseases of the thyroid gland, the gastrointestinal tract, adrenal glands.

3. Lentigo. This type of hyperpigmentation can be represented as a single spot and multiple stains of black and brown or brown, towering over skin levels. Spots have clear boundaries, more often than a rounded or oval shape, and are located on the face, hands, zone neckline:

• youth Lentho: most often due to genetic factors and manifests itself during the first 10 years of life with abundant point pigment stains on the body and, in rare cases, on the face;
• elder Lentigo: manifests itself in old age in the parts of the body, which are most subjected to solar exposure. It differs from youth larger sizes (up to 2 cm in diameter).

4. Moles. This type of pigmentation is also called non-neules and goddes. They may not only be congenital, but also to appear throughout the human life. This is the most diverse group of pigment spots in color, magnitude, appearance and structure. For example, the Molenia will have a dark brown, if it is formed by the accumulation of melanocytes, and if the structures of blood vessels participated in its formation, the shade will be reddish. Netures are found in all people, and usually do not bring concern. But in some cases there is rebirth in a malignant tumor. Therefore, it is necessary to observe moles, and, in the event of a change in the form, outlines, the appearance of discomfort immediately refer to the dermatologist.

5. Freckles. These pigment stains are much less common than moles, because they are found in people with a red or bright hair type. The second name of the freckles - ephelides, that translated from the Greek means "solar nating". They differ in small sizes, have a golden shade, and appear on the face and body from the effects of ultraviolet rays. Telling to large and symmetric clusters. In winter, the freckles either disappear at all, or will be significantly pale.

6. Vitiligo. It is a kind of hypopigmentation, i.e. There is a decrease or complete disappearance of the pigment on a specific area of \u200b\u200bthe skin. The cause of vitiligo can be both hereditary factors and the effects of certain chemicals or drugs.

Prevention and treatment of pigment spots

In compliance with certain prophylactic measures, it is possible to prevent the emergence of certain types of pigment stains:

• avoid exposure to the Sun on the skin during its high activity (from 11 to 17 h);
• be sure to regularly use sunscreen with SPF (sunscreen factor), which is intended for a specific type of skin;
• avoid long staying in the sun during pregnancy and when receiving hormonal contraceptives;
• when receiving some medicines that possess photosensitizing properties, avoid exposure to ultraviolet, or (after consulting a doctor) change the drug;
• do not apply for open areas of body in sunny weather, colognes, essential oils, perfume;
• eat foods that are rich in vitamins A, C, PP and antioxidants.

In the event of changing the pigmentation of the skin, it is recommended to apply not only to a professional cosmetologist, but also to a dermatologist. Starting the treatment of pigment stains is necessary with eliminating their causes. And to detect them, it is impossible to do without a specialist.

If the reason is eliminated, and pigment stains remained, or if it is not possible to affect the cause, then resort to the following ways of getting rid of pigmentation.

1. Chemical peeling. It is based on the use of chemical agents (trichloroacetic, retinoevoy and other acids) to stimulate the processes of changing cells affected by hyperpigmentation to new cells with normal coloring:

• surface peeling is used for lightening shallow-occurring pigment stains;
• mEDIAL FOR EXPOSURE ON PIGMENT STUDS IN THE Deep Skin Layers.

2. Mesotherapy contributes to the lightening of pigmented areas due to the introduction into the mean layers of hyaluronic acid leather with whitening complexes. Not only the clarification of the pigment spot is occurring, but also the skin rejuvenation.
3. Mechanical dermabrasion has proven itself in the removal of post-woven pigment spots. The dermatotologist will tell you exactly what kind of dermabrasion (microcrystalline, diamond or manual grinding) is suitable in a particular clinical case. After its application, the processes of recovery of tissues and cellular updates are launched, and the skin hyperpigmentation disappears.
4. Laser peeling. It is carried out only in specialized medical institutions by qualified doctors. Lasers are distinguished by wavelength and exposure mechanism. The technique is based on the ability to destroy the melanin in the affected areas of the skin, and thus remove excessive pigmentation without affecting normal skin. It is usually necessary to carry out 2-3 procedures with an interval of 1 month.
5. Photoresis. This technique uses the energy of the light wave. There is thermal destruction of pigment under the influence of high-energy light. At the same time, collagen and elastin production processes are launched. Immediately after the procedure, pigment stains do not disappear - this method only launches melanin destruction processes in the affected area. It is necessary to conduct 3-4 procedures.
6. Whitening cream. To remove pigmentation, cosmetologists often resort to the use of bleaching creams. Most often, the bleaching cream includes a fairly toxic substance hydroquinone and its derivatives. Its action is based on the slowdown in the activity of melanocytes and the clarification of pigmented areas. It is strictly contraindicated its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The same contraindications and the cream, which includes mercury. And at least it is a very effective means of pigmentation, it cannot be used for a long time due to high toxicity.

The popular tool is a cream, which contains azelain acid. It is especially highly appreciated by those who have pigment spots formed after the acne rash, because In addition to the clarifying effect, the cream has an anti-inflammatory effect.

The cream, which contains a tretinoin substance, is not less effectively fighting with pigment stains. However, in order to obtain the desired effect, it must be used for a long time (at least 40 weeks). Its action is based on the blocking of the synthesis of the pigment of melanin.

It is necessary during the use of a bleaching cream to avoid its falling on the normal areas of the skin to avoid its clarification. And to achieve the maximum effect, it is necessary to pre-use a scrub that the active components of the cream did not interfere with penetration into the deep layers of the skin.

7. Natural masks. They include such natural components as lemon, cucumber, currant, parsley and dandelion. The effect is sufficiently soft, in comparison with bleaching creams, but also less efficient. Masks are superimposed on pigmented sections in the form of Cashitz or are used as fresh juice. It is maintained 20-30 minutes, and after the skin is applied nutritional cream.

One universal method in relief from hypo-or hyperpigmentation does not exist. Only an integrated approach, taking into account individual mechanisms for the occurrence of this problem, will help restore the skin.

Causes and Pigmentation Treatment: Video

Causes and Pigmentation Treatment: Photo