Disease arterial hypertension - what is symptoms, diagnosis. The degree of arterial hypertension. Treatment and prevention of arterial hypertension

This material will consider the disease called arterial hypertension. We will try to consider the symptoms in the most detail and the treatment of this ailment.

Arterial hypertension syndrome

Arterial hypertension is illness, during which blood pressure is increased. There are 2 types of hypertension: primary and symptomatic.

This disease is considered the most common. As a rule, man begins to feel sluggish and needs qualified assistance. If you do not apply therapy, severe complications may occur.

What are the factors of the appearance of the disease? What are the symptoms of the disease at all stages? Is it possible to prevent the occurrence of the ailment? Arterial hypertension - what is it generally? You can find answers to such questions in our material. But first you need to know what the disease is this disease.

So, the functionality of the cardiovascular system is controlled by the nervous system and some hormones, which are allocated due to the endocrine glands. The normal diagnostic pressure of the person can range from 70 to 90, and the pressure systolic - from 120 to 140. When these indicators are rising, the doctors diagnose the disease - arterial hypertension.

Disease Arterial Hypertension: Causes

The reasons for the appearance of arterial hypertension is quite a lot. The primary hypertension and secondary disease is divided due to etiology. Primary can appear by itself against the background of some factors. That is, according to the following reasons:

• With age (men have a disease around 55 years old, but at the female half - in 65).
• Due to permanent smoking.
• Due to regular experiences and stress.
• Because of a sedentary lifestyle.
• Due to excess weight.
• Sometimes the disease appears in people who suffer on diabetes mellitus.
• May be inherited.

The second version of hypertension appears as a result of human diseases. Let us list these diseases:

• Diseases of the kidneys
• Endocrine failures.
• Cardiovascular diseases.
• Diseases associated with toxic poisoning.
• Diseases caused by those or other drugs.

Arterial hypertension in pregnant women

A common reason, due to which there is a parable - this is a pregnancy. This symptom is considered sufficiently dangerous for both women and for the fetus. This is due to an increase in the load on the cardiovascular system. Due to such a process, the volume of blood is also increasing, which circulates throughout the body. As a rule, women are complaining of such a problem from 20 years to 25 years.

The first symptoms of hypertension in pregnant women are as follows:

• Before the eyes often appear flies.
• Pregnant worried regular headaches.
• On the face appear red spots.
• Increased strongly excitability.
• Drops sharply vision.
• Nose often performs blood.
• In some situations, there is pain in the chest, as well as pain, which put pressure on the heart.

Hypertension in children

Illness in children is not common, but it is the most common disease that occurs in pediatrics. According to studies, it became known that hypertension occurs in 18% of children. The disease is urgent due to the nature of therapy.

In addition, there is often a pathology, which occurs after malignant hypertension in childhood. Today, every year an increasing number of children with this disease and the causes can be many.

• Due to the fact that increases the activity of the nervous system.
• Due to the use of infusion therapy after kidney disease or mineralocorticoid excess.
• Due to the high sensitivity of the soft tissue to catecholamines.

Also, the disease is often found in those children who have a high level of anxiety and as a result of acute, chronic stress.

The degree of hypertension

On the disease can affect the degree and type of disease. In order to assess whether the authorities were surprised to have to determine the extent of the disease.

1 degree:

• Do not have any bodies change. This degree is softer. During her blood pressure rises. This happens with some frequency, while also going on his self-normalization.
• Pressure drops can be accompanied by mild pain of the head, insomnia, fatigue due to mental work.

2nd stage:

This degree is considered a "moderate". During it there are objective changes that affect certain organs.

• And localized narrowed coronary vessels and arteries.
• Increased left ventricle.
• Present renal failure, which has a chronic form.
• Narrowed vessels of the retina.

Remissions not occur frequently, usually elevated pressure keeps.

Grade 3:

This degree is considered the most severe. It occurs circulatory disorders of each organ, thereby having the following clinical manifestations character:

• Heart failure, angina, myocardial infarction, arterial occlusion, retinal detachment aorta.
• Swells the optic disc, bleeding occurs.
• There are circulatory disorders in the brain, stroke, vascular dementia, hypertensive encephalopathy.

Some manifestations described above can lead to a fatal outcome.

Stages of arterial hypertension

The degree of ag is the data that allows you to classify the disease. In order to recover faster, it is necessary to detect the reasons.

There are 3 stages of arterial hypertension. Consider them more detailed.

1 Stage:

It is possible to detect this degree of the disease only if it is regularly measured by blood pressure. Of course, the pressure must be measured in a calm state, at least 3 times during a certain time.

This degree is considered easy, as it is expressed in Neyarko. In a patient with such a degree of illness, as a rule, pressure can fluctuate in such limits:

• Top pressure - from 140 to 160.
• Lower pressure - from 90 to 100.

2 Stage:

This degree is considered average. Patient pressure can fluctuate during the following limits:

• Top pressure - from 160 to 180.
• Lower pressure - from 100 to 110.

There are situations where the pressure is increased by a specific method and unevenly. For example, only the lower pressure rises during the visit of the doctor. At home the pressure is normalized. This happens with those people who have an unstable or labile type of nervous system.

3 Stage:

This degree is the last and hard. Pressure in the patient can fluctuate in such limits:

• Top pressure 180 and more.
• Lower pressure of at least 110.

There are situations when only the upper pressure increases. Such failures are often observed in the people of old age. Hypertension 3 degrees are also called "increased pressure" 4 degrees. This, of course, is wrong.

Symptomatic arterial hypertension

Doctors cannot say for sure, for which reasons this disease appears. But this form can be observed by almost all people who complain of high pressure.

Symptomatic arterial hypertension in turn is divided into such forms:

• Hyperaderergic. This form meets by almost 5 parts of patients, and these patients are mostly young. The form appears due to the fact that there is an emission of adrenaline into the blood. Symptoms are such: the shade of the skin is changing, the pulse is present in the head, the patient of arterial hypertension is disturbing and very frozen.
• Gorious. As a rule, old people appear. Dr. They recommend abandoning salted food and plenty of liquid.
• Hyperrenin. This form meets in those patients who develop rapidly. The percentage of patients is approximately 20%. As a rule, these are young guys. The form is hard, there are sharp pressure drops. If not treated, it may cause an atherosclerosis of the renal artery.

Secondary arterial hypertension

This type also has a different name - "symptomatic hypertension", since it affects systems and organs that are responsible for the functionality of blood pressure.

The reasons due to which there is a disease, detect easily. It is divided into some forms, it all depends on these reasons:

• Renovascular. Renal arteries are narrowed, blood circulation is worse in both kidneys. As a result, the kidneys begin to allocate substances that increase the pressure. The patient feels quite normal, may even work. Patients noted that pressure drops are usually characterized by back pain. This form is difficult to cure. For a start, the primary disease is cured.
• Endocrine. It may appear for diseases of the endocrine system. During it, the patient begins to sharply jump the pressure or it increases greatly, vision is disturbed, the heartbeat is worse.
• Hemodynamic. Worried patients with the last stage of heart failure.
• Neurogenic. The brain vessels is striking, provokes tumors.
• Drug. Many drugs taking regularly can adversely affect the body. As a result, arterial hypertension is developing. So that it does not happen, you need to refuse to self-medicate and carefully study the instructions for each medicine.

Diagnosis of arterial hypertension

In order to diagnose the disease, the patient examines the doctor:

• Listens to the noises of the heart rhythm, using a stethoscope.
• Measures the size of the heart with palpation.
• Making a cardiogram, thereby exploring the functionality of the heart, estimating its size.

In addition, the doctor may prescribe:

• Give the urine analysis in order to exclude the renal infection.
• Pass the blood for the presence of sugar.
• Pass blood for cholesterol.

Treatment of arterial hypertension

Treatment without using medicines is prescribed to each patient, since it significantly increases the result of drug therapy and reduces the need to use hypotensive drugs.

As a rule, the patient is recommended to drastically change their own lifestyle, refuse to what he is accustomed to:

• Do not smoke if a person smokes every day.
• Do not drink alcohol or reduce their dose. Men can drink no more than 30 ml per day, women are not more than 20 ml.
• Lower the use of cook salt. It is allowed to add no more than 5 g per day, you can less.
• Exclude preparations containing a lot of potassium, magnesium and calcium. Listed components are used in large quantities to reduce high pressure.

These drugs that have been used for days are used. In order to avoid side effects, it is assigned to the minimum dosage to begin.

The main drug drugs are divided into 6 groups. Among these drugs, the most effective are: beta-adrenoblocator and thiazid diuretic.

Recall, treatment with the help of a drug (thiazid diuretics) needs to begin with a minimum dose. If there is no positive effect either in a patient intolerance of the medication, then the lowest dosage of beta-adrenoblor can be prescribed.

The thiazid diuretic is positioned as follows:

• The medicine that refers to the first row. Used for disease therapy.
• The optimal dosage is considered less efficient.

Beta-adrenoblocator is prescribed to be taken in the following cases:

• If arterial hypertension is accompanied by angina, after a myocardial infarction suffered.
• With increased coronary risk.

Also, the doctor may assign:

• Antitrombocidal therapy.
• Use of a hypolipidemic drug.
• Combined medication treatment.

Arterial Hypertension: Recommendations and Prevention

In addition to the above recommendations, the doctor may advise:

• A man with a lot of weight to reset extra kilograms. To do this, it is desirable to make an appointment with a nutritionist so that it makes a special balanced diet.
• Increase the number of physical training, regular exercises.
• Consume fruits and vegetables in large quantities, reduce the number of those products in which there are many fatty acids.

The diagnosis of arterial hypertension arises not just like that. The disease is better to warn, rather than cure. Consequently, it is necessary to think about to take some preventive measures in young age. It is important for those who have in the family of relatives who complain about arterial hypertension.

Arterial hypertension assistance should eliminate factors that increase the risk of disease. First you need to eliminate bad habits, change everything in life. You can play sports, run, walk more, swim, sign up for aquaeerobics.

These all manipulations significantly reduce the likelihood of the development of arterial hypertension. Your heartbeat will eventually begin to get used to heavy loads, you will have better blood circulation, as a result of which the organs will start getting the necessary food, and the exchange processes will improve.

In addition, protect yourself from stressful situations. If it fails, then react to stress skeptical. If possible, buy a device that will control your blood pressure and pulse. Periodically measured the pulse, since during the initial stage there are no symptoms. If you are more than 40 years old, then attend doctors regularly: cardiologist and therapist.

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