Growing mushrooms at home. How to grow mushrooms mushrooms for beginners

Mushrooms of mushrooms are a valuable and nutritious food product. It turns out that honey mushrooms can be grown independently, at home. Options - mass: on stumps or logs, in banks or bags, in open areas or in a greenhouse. How to grow mushrooms correctly? What technology to choose at the same time? What conditions is it important to observe when growing mushrooms at home?

The technologies below and clear instructions will help to grow these delicious mushrooms even to beginners. The honey mushrooms grown artificially are in no way inferior to forest "residents", and the crops will turn out to be plentiful and stable, even in the absence of large areas. The process of cultivating mushrooms will be truly exciting and, importantly, economical. So, the article is the most popular options for organizing a real “mushroom garden” at home.

Growing mushrooms of mushrooms at home for beginners

The name of the mushroom "Open" indicates its habitat (stumps, logs, large branches). These mushrooms are often considered parasitic mushrooms that infect wood and gradually destroy it. In nature, wood mushrooms, mushrooms, grow in large clusters on stumps, old or damaged trees. Fruiting begins in the fall and lasts to frost.

Nedat - edible mushrooms with high nutritional qualities. In addition, the presence of biologically active substances, amino acids and vitamins make these mushrooms an important object of research in medicine and pharmacology.

Growing mushrooms at home for beginners does not require special training or special knowledge. It is enough to adhere to the process technology and follow the methodological recommendations of practitioners.

Types of mushrooms for growing at home

Nymphs differ from each other with ripening timing and the place of growth. For growing mushrooms at home, two varieties of mushrooms are suitable: winter and summer.

The winter species of mushrooms (flammulin) is especially popular, which does not require large financial investments and extensive areas when growing. Winter mushrooms have a small size of hats (from 2 to 5 cm) and thin legs. Such morphological features allow you to grow a winter honey agaric in ordinary glass jars and get a year -round crop. As for the taste, many mushroom lovers nevertheless note a brighter and more saturated taste in summer mushrooms compared to winter styles.

NECTIONS grown in the summer need a separate room adapted for this. Most often use a cellar or any free hangar, where the necessary climatic conditions are met. The successful cultivation of summer mushrooms is also possible on logs, stumps or wood chips (sawdust).

Consider the main technologies for growing mushrooms.

Growing mushrooms on stumps

This method of growing mushrooms at home is suitable even for beginners: it is not complicated, profitable and practically does not require financial costs. So, if there are stumps, logs or logs on your site, they can be safely used for growing mushrooms of mushrooms. Below are the most important conditions for the successful cultivation of mushrooms in this way.

• The wood should be dense, not rotten. The remains of birch, aspen or poplar are perfect. On the wood of coniferous trees, mushrooms grow slower. The diameter of the log, log or stump should be at least 15 cm, and the length is about half a meter.

• A prerequisite for the successful cultivation of mushrooms is wet wood. Visually, it looks darker than dry logs and emits a drop of fluid when sprout. To moisten wood, it is necessary to stump or logs a couple of days before sowing constantly and abundantly water with water. Watering can be made from a bucket or hose. The main thing is good, to the very core, to soak the wood. Some gardeners place wood or stump completely into water for several days.
• Then the wood is brought into the room (for example, the basement) with a temperature of at least 15 ° C to ensure the rapid and abundant growth of the mushroom lord. When the logs intensively begin to grow the mushroom with the mycelium, they can be taken to the site, slightly dug up with the ground. Such a positive temperature regime stimulates the growth and development of mushrooms.
• The mushroom harvest is obtained after 1-2 years (depending on the landing method) and used for 5-7 years, until the complete destruction of wood.
• The mushroom malline of mushrooms for planting is bought in online stores, specialized retail outlets, mushroom farms or found in the forest. As entire fruit bodies of mushrooms, and pieces of wood, containing the mycelium of the germinated mushroom, are suitable. Before planting mycelium, it is better to store in the refrigerator.

Growing mushrooms: the use of the fruit body of the mushroom

• Mushroom disputes are planted from May to August.
• First you need to choose the right hats of the mushroom: they must be overripe, with a diameter of 10-12 cm. If you turn a well-ripened hat, it will have a rich, dark brown color.
• Selected hats must be poured with cold water for a day. Water is taken clean, not stagnated, in order to avoid infection with pathogenic microorganisms.
• Mash the hat that are soaked with your hands (in a bucket, without stretching out of the water) to a gruel -shaped state.
• It is good to stir the resulting talker and strain it through the fabric or several layers of gauze.
• Obtained by a concentrated solution containing mushroom disputes, pour prepared wood.
• For better saturation of wood with spores of the mushroom, make a zarubok-pure on a log or stump. It is better to do them in a checkerboard pattern so that when germinating, honey mushrooms do not interfere with each other. In order for a wet environment to retain well in the recesses, they are sealed with moistened sawdust or moss. For the exact hit of the mushrooms in the recess, use an enema or sprint. From the end of the log or stump, the mushrooms are not planted.
• For one stump, about 1 liter of “spore solution” will be required.
• Disputes germinate slowly, the first mushrooms will appear no earlier than 1.5-2 years, and fruiting will last about 5 years. During this period, a log or stump is almost completely destroyed and mushrooms must be transplanted to a new place.

Growing mushrooms: the use of mushroom mushroom mushrooms

• Planting mushrooms on wood is also possible with the help of particles of the mushroom lord. The optimal time for planting is the end of April or the beginning of May, when the street remains an even high level of humidity and a plus air temperature.
• In this case, mushrooms appear much earlier: in a year you can harvest.
• The mushroom mushroom can be found in the forest, on old stumps or trunks of trees, in places of mass growth of mushrooms. The appropriate section of the mushroom pickens has the form of light interwoven threads, with a characteristic bright mushroom aroma.

• Having separated part of the mushroom lord (take a piece of wood affected by the mushroom), it must be divided into several pieces (1-2 cm).
• In prepared stumps, it is necessary to make recesses and put pieces of mycelium there.
• The mycelium is laid in recesses and closed with sawdust (moss).
• For the germination of mycelium, it is important to maintain a wet wood microclimate. To do this, some gardeners cover the end part of the stump with a film or constantly moisturize the soil around the stump.
• When frosts occurred, the stump is covered with spruce branches. In the spring, it is recommended to shake snow with stumps so that meltwater does not penetrate the wood and does not change the acidity of its environment, which will slow down the process of mushroom development. It is better to remove the branches before the start of fruiting, at the beginning of summer.
• So that mushrooms of honey mushrooms do not infect healthy fruiting trees growing nearby (when infection of culture, wood begins to collapse and the tree dies), a shallow (20-30 cm) trench is pulled around the stump with mushrooms.

Breeding mushrooms on stumps and other, similar wood, is ideal for growing mushrooms in the country or a personal plot. Moreover, quite high crops are noted with minor labor costs.

Growing mushrooms at home

At home, honey mushrooms can be grown in a greenhouse (if any) or right in banks. Consider the basics of these technological processes.

Growing mushrooms in a greenhouse

NEPTAY can be grown not only in open areas, but also in a greenhouse. This method allows you to get constantly stable and high mushroom crops. The greenhouse provides the optimally necessary temperature and humidity.

• Prepared (moisturized) logs, stumps or logs are placed in the greenhouse.
• The wood is “infected” with mushrooms: poured with a prepared solution (a chatter with spores) or closed into the recesses of a part of the mycelium.
• Before the germination of mushrooms, wood in the greenhouse is regularly moistened.
• It is also possible to grow honey agarics in a greenhouse on special blocks, in banks or homemade bags.

Growing mushrooms on substrate blocks, in packages

• For professional and mass cultivation of mushrooms, special substrate blocks are used.
• They can be bought in a store or prepared independently from sawdust, oats (barley) and chalk. For 2 l of the substrate, take 200 g of sawdust, 70 g of oats and 1 tsp. chalk. Sawdles are boiled in water (40-50 minutes), excess water is drained, and the substrate is dried over low heat for another 15-20 minutes. Then the sawdust is thoroughly mixed with the rest of the ingredients and tightly laid in the bag.
• On such a wood basis, mushrooms of mushrooms are grown and grow mushrooms. This substrate recipe is also suitable for “can” growing mushrooms.

How to grow micelia mockery in packages?

• Packets with a mycelium sown to the substrate are tied and left in a room with a temperature of about 15-20 ° C. Mycelium is poured on a wet substrate with clean hands, in a room without dust and dirt. The substrate, in fact, is a nutrient medium for the growth and development of mushrooms.
• About 20 g of mycelium accounts for one package. After a month, sawdust in the package compacts and noticeably brighten, and tubercles - future mushrooms appear on top.
• During this period, packages are untied and reduced to 5-10 ° C. For successful fruiting, you need to constantly moisten the bags, spraying them with water.

Growing mushrooms in banks

The advantage of this method of growing mushrooms is the unnecessaryness of large areas or areas. Mushrooms grow in a bank, right on the windowsill of the house or apartment. Thus, only winter honey agaric (flammuline) is grown.

• First, a wood substrate of bran and sawdust (1: 3) is prepared. It is better to prepare sawdust from deciduous trees. They can be replaced with husk seeds or crushed cobs of corn.
• The prepared substrate is poured with water for a day. Then it is squeezed and laid out in 3 liter banks, filling them half. The substrate is slightly compacted.
• Next, banks with contents are sterilized in a pan with hot water over low heat, about 1 hour. So all pathogenic microbes and mold are destroyed. The next day, the sterilization procedure is repeated.
• When banks with a wood mixed cooled (up to 20-25 ° C), a long sterile stick (with a diameter of 1-2 cm) make recesses to the bottom of the jar-a hole for the mushroom mycelium.
• Myceliums are placed in the recesses, at the rate of about 5-10% of the total mass of the base. For convenience, you can use a medical syringe.
• The jar is covered with a lid with holes and put in a warm dark place, with a temperature of at least 20 ° C. The optimum temperature is 23-24 ° C and 85-90% humidity. To maintain constant humidity, wet cotton wool is placed on the lid.
• The mycelium sprouts for about one month. And after 2-2.5 weeks, the first mushrooms will appear.
• When the first "sprouts" appear, banks are placed on the windows of the north side, the temperature is reduced to 14-15 ° C. Mushrooms do not really like bright sunlight.
• When the mushrooms germinate to the level of the neck of the jar, the lids are removed, and the neck is wrapped in a strip of cardboard. Such a “collar” helps to hold mushrooms with growth.
• From time to time, you need to spray the mushrooms with water, maintaining constantly increased humidity.
• Cut mushrooms as usual - on the leg, the remains of which are simply pulled out. After 2-2.5 weeks, new mushrooms appear.
• In one 3-liter jar, you can grow up to 1-1.5 kg of mushrooms.
• Some mushroom pickers grow winter honey mushrooms even in pumpkin, using it as a nutritious basis. A small hole is made in the pumpkin, where a piece of mycelium is placed. The pumpkin is placed in heat, and the hole is closed with a plastic bag. After 20-25 days, the pumpkin is put in a cooler place and soon the first mushrooms appear on the pumpkin.

Flammulin has a number of valuable qualities: it is used by a person as a food and drug. Many folk healers believe that winter honey agaric helps in the fight against cancer.

Roser for growing mushrooms

• To cultivate mushrooms of this type, it is not at all necessary to have large rooms. On average, you will need about 15-20 square meters.
• For these purposes, you can use a greenhouse, a basement, open personal plots or a regular windowsill.
• The main conditions of the correctly selected room are the necessary temperature and humidity. The temperature regime of air should change from 20-25 ° C to 10-15 ° C. The rapidly high level of moisture will ensure the rapid development of mycelium and high productivity.
• The room should periodically ventilate or have ventilation so that excess carbon dioxide does not accumulate.
• Lighting for the development of mushrooms is not so important. The light should not be bright, uniform.
• When growing mushrooms in open areas, it is better to place logs or stumps in shady places so that the wood does not dry out, and the mushrooms do not fall under direct sunlight.

Conclusions

• Before proceeding with the cultivation of mushrooms, mushrooms at home, you should decide on the technology. It depends on the living conditions, accessible tools and the type of cultivated mushrooms. Most often, honey mushrooms are diluted on wood (stumps) or in banks.

• Having chosen the cultivation technology, you need to purchase the mycelium of the mushroom. It is bought or found in the forest. The use is also applicable to planting adults of mature mushrooms.

• Observing the conditions of landing and caring for mushrooms, it will soon be possible to harvest honey defense.

Growing mushrooms, video