What is with anemia. Features of a diet for anemia for adults and children. Diet with iron deficiency anemia: table menu. Diet for pregnant women with anemia

Anemia is a pathological condition in which a decrease in the number of red blood cells, as well as the concentration of hemoglobin, is noted. Most often, anemia is not an independent violation, but is a manifestation of other diseases. Although a meager and unbalanced diet can provoke this ailment. The main function of hemoglobin is the transfer of oxygen from lungs to all organs and tissues of the body. Its low content leads to oxygen starvation of the latter. As a result - a deterioration in the general well -being of a person. Correction of the diet is a mandatory component of therapy for anemia. If the pathology is expressed moderately, often to normalize the condition of a sufficiently proper and balanced diet.

Features of a diet for anemia

Anemia can be caused by various reasons. In this regard, several varieties of pathology are distinguished.

• Iron deficiency anemia (the most common form of the disease) - develops due to a lack of iron in the body.
• Hemolytic anemia - is noted with the rapid destruction of red blood cells.
• Folic -deficiency anemia - due to deficiency of vitamins B9 (folic acid) and B12.
• Sickle cell anemia-characterized by a synthesis of mutated hemoglobin cells.
• Post -hemorrhagic anemia - occurs when blood loss (single or systematic).
• Aplastic anemia - provoked by a weakened bone marrow function.

The most common form of anemia is iron deficiency. Depending on the degree of its severity, a decision is made on drug therapy in combination with a diet or only a change in the patient's diet.

Proper nutrition is aimed at restoring the function of hematopoiesis, as well as the normalization of the composition of the blood. In addition to saturation of the body with iron through nutrition, the patient needs to spend as much time as possible in the fresh air, observe sleep and rest, and moderate physical activity can be shown according to the doctor’s recommendations.

Diet Rules for anemia

With a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood, patients are recommended:

• Eat more foods rich in iron. The active intake of this substance will raise the level of hemoglobin in the blood, improve overall well -being.
• The main sources of iron are protein foods, fruits and vegetables. At the same time, fat consumption must be reduced.
• The diet should have berries, greens and fresh juices.
• An important component of successful therapy is not only the consumption of a sufficient amount of iron from food, but also its subsequent assimilation. For this reason, do not forget to include products and dishes with vitamin C. in the diet.
• Do not combine the reception of iron -containing and dairy products. The latter violate the process of iron absorption.

The basis of the compilation of the diet for anemia is the table of table 11 according to the singer, aimed at enriching the body with iron, vitamins, proteins and amino acids. The effect of this diet is based on the inclusion in the diet of rapidly digestible iron (meat, white mushrooms, seafood, cereals (oatmeal and buckwheat), fruits, berries, honey and dried fruits) in combination with products for its best absorption.

Important!
With anemia, diet number 11 is not prescribed in the presence of accompanying severe pathologies of the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.

That you should not include in the diet of anemia diet

If there is a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin, it is recommended to avoid consumption:

1. Oksolatov. They are found in walnuts, legumes, spinach, chocolate, whole grain. If you love legumes very much, soak them for 12 hours in cold water before cooking. Such manipulation will significantly reduce the negative effect of the product on the body.
2. Polyphenols. Their greatest concentration is noted in coffee and black tea. A coffee drink is capable of halving the amount of learning iron. Cocoa consumption and herbal teas are allowed, but do not be zealous with them.
3. Calcium. Despite the enormous benefits of this mineral for the human body, this compound prevents iron absorption. Do not use dairy products as the basis of your diet.
4. Fitinic acid (legumes, oil and cereal crops).

These substances violate the process of iron absorption.

Diet for iron deficiency anemia

Depending on the age and characteristics of the patient with iron deficiency anemia, the doctor corrects the therapy algorithm. A successful struggle with anemia shows a combination of diet and drug treatment.

Diet for anemia in adults

When establishing an anemia in an adult, a diet is aimed at increasing protein consumption, as well as vitamins. It is recommended to consume a day:

• up to 120 g of proteins;
• no more than 40 g of fats;
• up to 450 g of carbohydrates;

The daily calorie norm is 3000 - 3500 kcal. These indicators are used in compiling a diet for anemia for both women and men.

The following products are recommended:

• Low -fat varieties of meat and fish.
• Liver.
• Vegetables (cabbage, potatoes, eggplant, pumpkin, zucchini, tomatoes, cucumbers, pepper).
• Fruits and berries (citrus fruits, apples, gooseberries, melon, blueberries)
• Onions, garlic, salad leaves.
• Corn.
• Macarons from solid wheat varieties.
• Oatmeal and buckwheat.
• Cottage cheese, cheese, eggs.
• Honey, jam.

This list is advisory in nature. In the presence of an allergic or other negative reaction to any product, of course, it must be excluded.

Example menu for a week with anemia in an adult:

Monday:

• Breakfast: Omlet with buckwheat porridge. Cottage cheese with fruits and sour cream. A decoction of apricot.
• 2nd breakfast: cheese. Dry fruit compote.
• Lunch: Borsch. Potato puree with turkey. Vegetable salad.
• Snack: Syerniks. Kefir.
• Dinner: baked in the oven mackerel with vegetables. Seasonal fresh fruits.

Tuesday:

• Breakfast: rice porridge with raisins and honey. Sandwalker with cheese, rosehip decoction.
• 2nd breakfast: cottage cheese and dried fruits.
• Lunch: Chicken soup with vermicelli. Vegetable stew with beef. Vinaigrette.
• Snack: oatmeal cookies with cocoa.
• Dinner: steam meat cutlets. Emballed stew. Compote.

Wednesday:

• Breakfast: millet porridge with fruits. Cheesons with sour cream. Coffee with milk.
• 2nd breakfast: fruit jelly.
• Lunch: Brushin. Buckwheat porridge with meatballs. Fresh cabbage with apples.
• Snack: Cottage cheese pudding.
• Dinner: baked potatoes with meat (low -fat!). Vegetable salad. Compote.

Thursday:

• Breakfast: Rabbage from zucchini with sour cream. Fresh fruit.
• 2nd breakfast: yogurt and cheese. Fruit mousse.
• Lunch: mushroom soup-puree. Boiled pasta with meat. Bulgarian pepper salad, cucumbers and tomato.
• Snack: Cheese. Dried fruits.
• Dinner: buckwheat porridge with meat praise. Vinaigrette. Tomato juice.

Friday:

• Breakfast: tomato soup. Oatmeal cookies. Compote.
• 2nd breakfast: seafood salad.
• Lunch: Soup with meatballs. Fried fish and mashed potatoes. Salad made of sauerkraut.
• Snack: fresh fruits.
• Dinner: Fish baked with vegetables. Blueberry mousse.

Saturday:

• Breakfast: cottage cheese casserole. Dry fruit compote.
• 2nd breakfast: boiled chicken egg.
• Lunch: Chicken barley soup. Vegetable stew with meat. Tea.
• Snack: apples baked in the oven.
• Dinner: steam fish cutlets with fresh Bulgarian pepper and tomatoes. Pancakes with meat. Rosehip decoction.

Sunday:

• Breakfast: pancakes with vegetables and sour cream. Tea with oatmeal cookies.
• 2nd breakfast: jelly.
• Lunch: Okroshka. Rice with a duck. Boiled broccoli.
• Snack: pancakes from zucchini.
• Dinner: potato mashed potatoes with baked meat. Salad of greenery, Feta and Bulgarian pepper. Linden tea.

Diet for anemia in children

In children, anemia develops most often for two reasons - insufficient flow of iron into the body (due to scarce nutrition) or violation of the process of absorption of this element from the gastrointestinal tract. The correct diet is one of the key components in the elimination of anemia in children. If necessary, iron preparations may be additionally prescribed.

It should be borne in mind that meat, fish and liver are rich in iron, but it is absorbed in small quantities. While, for example, breast milk has a small concentration of the mineral, but it is completely absorbed.  When compiling a children's menu, pay attention to products with easily digestible iron - meat (beef, lamb, veal, turkey), calf and pork liver.  These products contain animal proteins so necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin, as well as mineral salts, vitamins and fats. There is also copper in the liver, which also stimulates the production of hemoglobin.

It is also advisable to include in the children's menu:

1. Groups - buckwheat, barley, oat and millet. Worst of all, iron is absorbed from oats.
2. Lentils, beans (only after preliminary soaking). Age restriction for these products-at least 2-3 years of the child.
3. Dried fruits (raisins, dried apricots, prunes).

Improving iron will help to improve:

• sprouted grains;
• unrefined oils;
• cold pressing olive oil;
• fruits (bananas, mango, papaya, avocado);
• products with a high content of vitamin C (tomato, orange and lemon juices, green onions, sea buckthorn, rose hips, strawberries, currants, viburnum).

What should not be given to the child with anemia is chocolate, flour products, carbonated drinks, strong black tea, coffee, fried and fatty dishes, sorrel and rhubarb. The intake of food rich in calcium should be carried out in isolation (for example, in the form of a snack).

An example of a menu for a child with anemia:

Monday:

• Breakfast: buckwheat porridge with a steam cutlet. Dryfrut compote.
• 2nd breakfast: cottage cheese pudding.
• Lunch: Soup with meatballs. Vegetable cutlets. Tomato juice.
• Snack: Fruits.
• Dinner: millet porridge with boiled fish. Vegetable salad. Herbal tea with a sheet of currants

Tuesday:

• Breakfast: oatmeal porridge with apples and dried apricots. Cheese. Tea.
• 2nd breakfast: cheesecakes with sour cream.
• Lunch: Vegetable soup. Mashed potatoes and boiled meat.  Kisel.
• Snack: pancakes with honey.
• Dinner: potato pancakes with boiled meat. Fruit compote.

Wednesday:

• Breakfast: baked fish with vegetables. Cocoa with cookies.
• 2nd breakfast: boiled egg.
• Lunch: mushroom soup (or soup-puree). Fish cutlets with vegetables. Compote.
• Snack: beetroot.
• Dinner: rice porridge with raisins and dried apricots. Pancakes. Tea.

Thursday:

• Breakfast: Omlet with buckwheat. Cheese. Herbal tea.
• 2nd breakfast: pancakes with sour cream.
• Lunch: Brushin. Fold porridge with meatballs. Stew.
• Snack: squash caviar, cookies.
• Dinner: macarones from solid varieties. Steam turret. A salad of fresh Bulgarian pepper and greenery.

Friday:

• Breakfast: steam cutlet with vegetable salad (Bulgarian pepper, radishes, greens). Dry fruit compote.
• 2nd: chopped herring, bread.
• Lunch: borsch, potatoes with baked fish. Vinaigrette.
• Snack: cabbage pancakes.
• Dinner: rice porridge with lean ham. Vegetable stew. Herbal tea.

Saturday:

• Breakfast: potatoes and paste from the liver. Pancakes. Rosehip decoction.
• 2nd breakfast: fish pudding.
• Lunch: lapsha soup on chicken broth. Boiled veal with stewed vegetables. Kisel.
• Snack: Cottage cheese pudding.
• Dinner: Fish cutlet with baked potatoes. Fruit pudding. Compote.

Sunday:

• Breakfast: buckwheat porridge with boiled veal. Herbal tea.
• 2nd breakfast: cheesecakes.
• Lunch: Okroshka. Bifsteke with buckwheat porridge. Fresh vegetable salad.
• Snack: Rabbage from zucchini with sour cream.
• Dinner: oatmeal porridge with liver. Sauerkraut. Herbal tea.

Anemia diet in the elderly

Anemia in older people is often a consequence of a whole complex of causes - a sedentary lifestyle, the presence of chronic diseases, and the characteristics of the response of the immune system. The diet in this case no longer plays a decisive role, as at a younger age. Nevertheless, doctors give some recommendations regarding nutrition. And the main advice is to avoid hunger and overeating. It is necessary to eat fractionally and often.

When composing your diet, it is better to focus on products such as low -fat meat and fish, greens, vegetables (not only fresh, but also pickled), seasonal fruits and berries. Pay attention to buckwheat, beets and cabbage. Dairy and dairy products should also not be forgotten.  A common mistake is the transition to the vegetarian menu. Of course, it is much easier to digest vegetables to the body than meat, but they will not give the necessary proteins and iron.

If there are problems with digestion or teeth, a blender or meat grinder will be a good help. Puffed food is absorbed faster, which means a surge of strength and energy you will feel faster.

Diet for anemia in pregnant women

The body of expectant mothers spends its reserves not only on maintaining their own work, but also on the growth and development of the baby. For this reason, a woman often faces a lack of certain elements. And one of them is iron. A woman often learns about the presence of anemia based on the results of a general blood test (the criterion is an indicator of hemoglobin). Although with very low numbers, a pregnant woman can complain about poor health. Medicines during the expectation of the child are usually prescribed for severe disorders of the condition of a woman or with pathologies that threaten the normal development of the baby or the course of pregnancy.

If anemia is moderately expressed, most often the power correction is enough. The diet of a pregnant woman should contain:

• Low -fat meat (veal, beef, rabbit, turkey, chicken).
• Low -fat fish.
• Beef liver and brains.
• Croats (especially buckwheat, millet and oatmeal).
• Vegetables (beets, carrots, bell pepper, tomatoes, zucchini and eggplant, pumpkin, broccoli).
• Fruits (citrus fruits, apricots, pears, apples, grenades, and dark grapes).
• Berries (Kalina, Irga, melon, blackberry, strawberries).
• Corn.
• Vegetable oil (unrefined).
• Rosehip fruits, sea buckthorn.

When composing your own menu, do not forget about the possible allergic reactions of your body.

Pregnant menu with anemia:

• Breakfast.

The first meal is necessarily consisted of two dishes. It can be a liver, boiled fish or meat combined with rice, buckwheat or wheat porridge. Cutlets and meatballs go well with vegetables (fresh or in the form of stew). For breakfast, you can also make a pudding of cereals or vegetables, a sandwich with hard cheese and butter. Of the drinks, preference can be given to herbal teas, compotes (from fresh fruits or dried fruits).

• Lunch.

The second meal occurs at 11-12 hours. For it, you can use fish (boiled, fried, baked or in the form of souffli) and vegetables. With a lack of calcium for a snack, you can use cottage cheese casseroles, cheesecakes, cottage cheese with sour cream and dried fruits. A good drink from the morning will be a decoction of rosehips.

• Dinner.

A compulsory dish of a dining meal will be the first. It can be any soup on meat or vegetable broth, borsch, cabbage soup, ear, pickle or mushroom soup. As a second dish, a combination of vegetables or cereal with meat or fish is preferably. Tails, cutlets, zrazy of vegetables, meat or fish are a good variety of the usual menu. Do not forget about compote and dessert - fresh fruits to your taste.

• Afternoon snack.

For the second snack, you can use fruits and berries, jelly and mousse. Cooking with tea.

• Dinner.

The future mother cannot be hungry, so dinner should also be made of two dishes. It can be dishes of meat or fish, eggs, puddings from cereals. As an addition, vegetables go to the type of salads or stews, fresh or pickled. Berry fruit drink or compote with cookies or sandwich.

Sour -milk drinks normalize digestion, being a good prevention of constipation. Since calcium negatively affects the absorption of iron, try to drink kefir, fermented ash or yogurt is in isolation from the main meals. For example, before going to bed.