Stones in the bustling bubble are causes, symptoms what to do. How to get rid of stones in gallblades

Do you know what kind of prevalence is not inferior at all, and maybe even surpasses the disease of the cardiovascular system? This is a choletiasis, or a bile disease: about 600,000 Russians fall into the removal of stones from the gallbladder under the surgeon's knife every year. Only appendicitis operations exceed this procedure in frequency. We will talk about the reasons, signs and correction of the "popular" disease.

Under the gallway disease, the formation and accumulation of stones in the cavity and ducts of the gallbladder, which is due to the disorder of metabolism in the body are implied.

The epicenter of the problem becomes a gallbubble. It is adjacent to the liver and is a peculiar tank where liquid bile accumulates, which the liver synthesizes. The material for the formation of concrections, which is also called bile stones, serve cholesterol crystals and occasionally calcium salt of pigment and limestone nature. This is a very long process - it can take from 4 to 20 years.

The gallbladder is not the only place where stones are found, they can also accumulate in the liver and trunk of the liver duct. According to the structure, the size and form of the concreshrants is very diverse. When one or more stones block the duct, according to which bile moves from the gallbladder into the cavity of the small intestine, the person is tormented by colic. GCB often becomes the cause of the development of inflammation in the bustling bubble (cholecystitis), since the stones injure its mucous membrane.

Pathology affects the population of large industrial cities. It is believed that precisely there people are abused too heavy for the digestive system of food. As a rule, women are illicious in 3 - 8 times more often than representatives of strong sex.

Symptoms of stones in anguil bubble

When stones appear in the bustling bubble, the disease does not make itself felt on average within 6 - 10 years, that is, is in latent form. As soon as characteristic features will appear, depends on the number, parameters and location of the concrections.

The main signs of gallpoint disease are as follows:

1. Pain in the field of liver and under ribs on the right side. The character of pain is an attack, drilling, sting.
2. Nausea, which in some cases leads to vomiting.
3. Open with air.
4. The bitter taste in the language, which is the consequence of the joy of the stomach.
5. Increased gas formation, dyspepsia, colorless feces.
6. Fast fatigue and general malaise.
7. Increased body temperature.
8. Jaundice.

The attack of the bile colic can cause consumption of alcoholic beverages, food, heavy for digestion, fried dishes, abuse of sharp seasonings, a large physical activity and severe stress. At first, the pain appears on the right side, in the area under ribs, and gradually begins to radiate into other parts of the body. The object of painful sensations can be the right blade, lower back, right half of the neck. Sometimes the attack of the bile colic is taken after angina, because the pain gives for the sternum. In fact, the epicenter of pain becomes a gallbladder and its ducts compassmoped. This happens when the concrections caused a strong irritation of the mucous walls of the bubble.

An even more painful sensations are forced to experience a person when the stones, moving on the breek paths, overlap the clearance of the gall duct. If blockage is complete, soon the liver will increase in the amount, and its capsule is far away. This violation will cause constant stupid pain and feeling of gravity under the ribs on the right. Externally, such changes are manifested by clinical symptoms of obtaceous jaundice (yellowed skin cover and eye sclers) and discoloration of the carts.

It happens that the bile colic passes by itself. This usually happens immediately as soon as the stone falls out of the gall duct into the cavity of the small intestine. The duration of the attack, as a rule, does not exceed 6 hours. To facilitate the suffering of the patient, it can be equipped with a height of the right hypochondrium. If the stone is too big for the gall duct, it will make it impossible bile outflow. Pains will only increase - this indicates the need for immediate medical care.

Very often, vomit is evidenced by the vomit with an admixture of bile, and vomiting does not bring relief at all, because it is only a reaction to irritation of the mucous membrane.

Stones in the bustling bubble. The reasons for the development of gallstone disease

Healthy bile is a liquid, without any impurities, a substance from which concrevents cannot be formed. Pathological formations appear against the background of the following factors:

• high cholesterol concentration in bile;
• stagnation of bile as a result of a disturbance of her outflow;
• infectious inflammatory process in the bustling bubble, which is a prerequisite for the development of cholecystitis.

The basis of the formation of bile stones is the pathological change in bile with a violation of equilibrium between cholesterol and acid substances in its composition.

Excess cholesterol in bile is observed for the following reasons:

1. Abuse of food with a high content of animal fats.
2. Reducing the synthesis of bile acid in the liver.
3. Obesity.
4. Long-term intake of oral contraceptives, which contains estrogen (in women).
5. The presence is a history of other serious diseases such as diabetes, liver cirrhosis, crown disease, allergies.

All these factors do not most best affect the gallbladder, cohaled its contractile function. On this basis inside the organ, the so-called cholesterol flakes begin to settle, of which the concrections are formed later.

Violation of the outflow of bile and its stagnation is due to such reasons:

1. Dyskinesia of the biliary tract (disorder of contractile activity).
2. Meteorism (a high pressure occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which prevents the normal outflow of bile).
3. Operations on the gastrointestinal tract (for example, wagotomy).
4. Lifestyle, deprived of sport and active pastime.
5. Pregnancy (the fetus in the uterus squeezes the organs of the peritoneum and disrupts bile outflow).
6. Unbalanced nutrition with large intervals between the main meals.
7. Full feedback.
8. A sharp loss of 5 and more kilograms as a result of a rigid diet.

The mechanical reasons of stagnation of boles include the following factors:

1. Education of adhesions, tumors in the bustling bubble.
2. Edema of the walls of the gallbladder.
3. Bend or narrowing bile ducts.
4. Congenital developmental abnormalities: Cysts main ducts, protrusion of the walls of the 12-rosewoman.

A significant impact on the problems with the outflow of bile has infection and inflammation of the gallbladder. This often leads to the development of cholecystitis and cholangitis, which are based on sharp and chronic inflammatory reactions in the area of \u200b\u200bthe gallbladder and its ducts.

Stones in the bustling bubble: composition, shape and quantity

When the gallbladder ceases the natural movement of bile, cholesterol plaques are settled on the mucous walls of the organ and form "sand", which subsequently becomes material for the formation of gallstones. In view of the diversity of the accretions, they were classified into groups.

In structure, bile stones are:

• homogeneous - formed when pure cholesterol, mucus clot and foreign objects (for example, fruit bones) "glued together";
• sophisticated - have a kernel, body and bark. The core is formed from the substance of bilirubin.

By chemical composition, gallstones are divided into the following types:

• cholesterol;
• lime;
• pigment;
• mixed type.

It should be noted that the councils with a homogeneous chemical composition are extremely rare. Mostly as part of a stone, several components and the largest share belongs to cholesterol.

Depending on the structure, the bile stones are:

• crystalline;
• layered.

The consistency is distinguished by gallstones:

• solid;
• wax.

In size, the concrections can be completely different - their parameters vary from several millimeters to several centimeters. Often, the gallstone is most like a forest or chicken egg. It happens that the entire gallbladder cavity is occupied by one large stone weighing up to 80 g. The form of the concretions can also be completely different. Small stones whose diameter does not exceed 1 - 2 mm, can pass through the bile duct, which you can not say about larger concrevents. When a large stone blocks a duct, corresponding symptoms and complications that have been described above appear. The number of stones focused in one bustling bubble, in each case different. In medical practice is aware of the case when in one bustling bubble was accomplished by about 7,000 concreters.

Stones in the bustling bubble. Complications of gallway disease

If you do not undertake the need for the treatment of stones in the bustling bubble, the condition of the sick person can be aggravated due to the following complications:

1. Cholecystitis in acute form.
2. The blockage of biliary ducts, which is the basis for the development of infection, chronic cholecystitis and pancreatitis.
3. The gap bubble and, as a result, peritonitis.
4. Penetration of large biliary stones in the intestine with his subsequent blockage.
5. Increasing the risk of developing an oncological disease of the gallbladder.

How to treat stones in anguil bubble: diagnostic methods

Detect the accretions in the bustling bubble helps an ultrasound study, and large stones can even be forgiven with fingers. Usually, the doctor receives all the information that interests it on the number, sizes and location of the stones. At the same time you can estimate the real state of the gallbladder, find out if there is inflammation there or not.

When ultrasound is not enough for confident diagnosis, doctors resort to other, more complex, diagnostic methods, main among which are the following:

• oral cholecystography - the method is a x-ray study, for the implementation of which the patient adopts a special preparation contrasting bile;
• retrograde cholangiopancratography - X-ray study involving endoscopy and the introduction of a contrasting agent into a gallbladder ducts.

How to remove stones from the gallbladder

The latest achievements of conservative medicine allow you to save the patient from the concrections and to maintain the organ with the ducts. Today, doctors practice three main ways of treating HCB. Consider each of them in more detail.

Stones in the bustling bubble. Oral litholithic therapy

This is nothing more than the dissolution of the accretions by a medication method. For this, the patients prescribe Ursosan and Henofalc. To understand how these tools help dissolve the stones in the bustling bubble, you need to look into their composition. The active components of Ursosan and Henofalca - Ursodeoxychole and Henodetoxycholic acid, respectively, have the ability to reduce cholesterol concentration in bile and at the same time contribute to the level of bile acids. The latter are active with respect to the councils, and the bile stones are gradually begin to decrease in size.

The following factors are compulsory conditions for the implementation of a litholithic treatment method:

1. The patient prevailed cholesterol councils.
2. Stones are small (up to 15 mm in diameter) and fill only about half of the gallbladder.
3. The gall bubble is able to fully shrink, and its ducts have normal permeability.

An obstacle to litholithic therapy is almost all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys. The duration of the course of treatment varies from six months to 2 years. All this time, the patient regularly passes an ultrasound. The efficiency of the method ranges from 40 to 80% - the success of treatment depends on the size of the concrections and the dose of the drug. After the end of therapy, it remains the need to take Ursosan and Henofalc in supporting doses, otherwise cholesterol concentration in the blood will increase again.

Stones in the bustling bubble. Ultrasonic extracorporeal lithotripsy

The method - crushing of stones in the gallbladder. Solid clumps are crushed under the impact of a shock wave up to 3 mm in diameter and 12 fall into the duodenum of bile ducts. Extracorporeal lithotripsy often complement oral litholytic therapy when small fragments dissolved special drugs.

This method of treatment is practiced among patients with a small number of stones (up to 4). efficacy increases if the concretions consist mainly of cholesterol and have a large size. Typically, the duration of treatment is 1 - 7 procedures. Extracorporeal lithotripsy is contraindicated for people with poor blood clotting and indolent inflammatory pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.

With all the effective methods he noted the following side effects:

• probability of blockage of the bile ducts;
• mucosa injury gallbladder jagged stones under the influence of vibration.

These adverse events can cause inflammation and adhesions in the beginning of the gallbladder.

Gallstones. percutaneous holelitoliz

This invasive method GSD correction used when no operation gallstones not eliminated. Percutaneous holelitoliz - a powerful and very effective method of dealing not only with cholesterol stones, but calculi other origin. The operation can be carried out at any stage of the disease at any degree of severity of its clinical picture. Indications for holelitoliza are frequently recurring bouts of painful due to the large quantities of gallstones.

During the procedure through the skin and tissue into a cavity of the liver affected organ catheter, and then fed through it drops 5 - 10 ml of methyl tert-butyl ether - a substance that cleaves the abnormal formation. About 1 month the patient's course, you can get rid of 90% of stones.

The methods described above show how to effectively remove stones from the gall bladder without major surgical intervention. There is another way to treat gallstones, which has become particularly popular in recent years.

Gallstones. cholecystectomy

To treat the HCB, complicated by cholecystitis, is used by cholecystectomy - removal of the gallbladder together with its filling councils. Since cholecystitis develops due to disruption of metabolism, which directly affects the combination of components in the composition of bile, dissolution or grinding stones will not save the patient from the problem - after some time the stones will appear again. The bubble is removed during a laparoscopic operation - it is removed through small cuts in the front wall of the abdominal cavity, using a tube with a video camera (laparackop).

This method has several "pluses" compared to open operational intervention:

1. The patient quickly goes on amendment after surgery.
2. In the places of cuts on the stomach, barely noticeable scars remain.
3. The risk of early postoperative hernia is extremely small.
4. The cost of Laparaskopic cholecystectomy is relatively low.

Contraindications to the operational solution of the problem are:

• obesity 2 and 3 degrees;
• conductors of very large size;
• operations on the gastrointestinal bodies in the past;
• purulent damage to the gallbladder;
• pathology of cardiovascular and respiratory systems;
• 3 trimester of pregnancy.

Unfortunately, cholecystectomy will not relieve the patient from the manifestations of the HCR in the future. The basis of the formation of the concrections is "unhealthy" chemical composition of bile. This problem remains after removing the body affected by the accrete.

After such surgical intervention, many complain about pain in the field of right hypochondrium and liver, feeling of bitterness in the language, a metal taste of food. In addition, problems associated with dysfunction of such organs such as liver, pancreas, a 12-point gut may appear. After removing the reservoir for the accumulation of bile, it enters the intestine, while maintaining the defects of its chemical composition. On this basis, the risk of developing serious inflammatory reactions in the gastrointestinal bodies is increasing.

Diet with stones in the bustling bubble

Healthy nutrition habits are of great importance for gall-named disease: in many ways the patient's condition is determined by the fact that it eats. Four recommend often, taking food 5 - 6 times a day. When the stomach is modest in the size of the portion, the choleretic effect is enhanced, the active ottok of bile occurs, which prevents it in stagnation. A large amount of food eaten at a time makes the muscles of the gallbladder instinctively shrink, and this entails the exacerbation of the disease.

Food with stones in the bustling bubble must be balanced: a daily organism needs to obtain a sufficient amount of animal animal protein and moderate animal fats, since they are very hard. It is preferable to eat vegetable natural fats. It is very useful to eat products, which includes magnesium.

What is eaten with the stones in the gallbladder

On a dish of a man suffering from gallpinder disease, the following products must regularly appear:

• low-fat meat and fish;
• cereals (in priority buckwheat and oatmeal);
• cheese, cottage cheese, milk, the level of fat content does not exceed 5%;
• a variety of fruits and vegetables: pumpkin, carrot, cauliflower, zucchini, watermelon, prunes, apples;
• home compotes, fruit, mineral water, quince and pomegranate juice.

What is impossible with the stones in the bustle bubble

In order not to provoke the development of bileflowing attacks, doctors strongly recommend patients to abandon some products. In the "black" list:

• fatty meat and fish, fat, offal;
• sausage, smoked, canned and salted food;
• butter (you can only add a little to porridge);
• fried dishes with a pronounced acidic or sharp taste;
• bean, radish, cucumbers, onions, garlic, eggplants, radishes;
• fat broths;
• coffee, cocoa, alcoholic beverages.

Prevention of development of the LCB

In order to insure itself from the formation of bile concrections, you need to remember and try to abide by several rules:

1. Do not remember one meal.
2. Refuse products that differ in high fat and cholesterol.
3. Get rid of excess weight by regular sports and balanced diet.
4. Calculate the metabolism in the body: reduce cholesterol synthesis liver and activate the release of bile acids. For this, such drugs such as Lobil and Zixorin are usually taken (only after a medical examination for the appointment of a doctor).

When the gallbladder "asks" about help: alarming symptoms. Video